Pope Leo XIII laid the foundation for Catholic labor teaching with his 1891 encyclical
Rerum Novarum, which champions workers' rights, fair wages, and the right to form unions. [
1,
2] Rerum Novarum and the Working Class
- Fair Wages: Employers must pay a wage high enough to support a worker and a frugal family.
- Human Dignity: Work is not merely a commodity; human labor deserves respect and safe conditions.
- Right to Organize: Workers are permitted to form private associations and unions to protect their material and spiritual interests.
- The "Third Way": The encyclical rejects both unbridled capitalism (liberalism) and state socialism, offering a balanced moral framework for economic life. [ 2]
When Robert Prevost took the name Leo after he was elected pope, many believed he would continue to build on these teachings of the previous Pope Leo over a 100 years ago. His first encyclical confirms this belief, but we should reflect on the foundation which he is building and will continue to build on during his pontificate.
The Catholic Church looks back on these principles to evaluate modern labor practices in every decade. Successive pontiffs—including , John XXIII, Paul VI, John Paul II, and Pope Leo XIV—have continued to invoke these teachings, applying them to modern issues like artificial intelligence, globalization, and the preservation of human dignity in the workplace.
Labor Day is more than the unofficial end of summer. It is a time to honor the dignity of human labor and recognize the resilience and dedication of workers everywhere.
In his encyclical
Laborem Exercens, St. John Paul II emphasized the profound dignity of human work. He reminded us that through work, we not only earn our daily bread but also participate in the advancement of science, technology, and the common good. He wrote that work sets human beings apart from the rest of creation — for only we are capable of shaping the world through the gifts God has given us.
From the very beginning, God called us to labor: to “subdue the earth” (cf. Gen 1:28), not in domination, but in stewardship and creativity.
Labor Day invites us to reflect on this vocation to work, not simply as a means of survival, but as a form of participation in God’s ongoing creation. Every job, no matter how big or small, carries dignity and value. From those who labor with their hands to those who lead with ideas; from first responders and healthcare workers to educators, tradespeople, and service providers. Each plays a vital role in the fabric of our society and the life of our Church.
As we mark this day, may we take a moment to give thanks for the countless men and women whose labor strengthens our families, communities, and parishes. And let us also pray for those who are unemployed, underemployed, or working in unjust conditions — that they may be supported and uplifted by our care and our advocacy.
Whether you are enjoying a well-earned rest or continuing your service to others this weekend, know that your work matters — and it is deeply appreciated.
Wishing everyone a safe, restful, and meaningful Labor Day!